About ROS1+ NSCLC

Medical needs in ROS1+ NSCLC 

Patients with ROS1+ NSCLC are often balancing work, family, and other responsibilities during treatment.1
Your patients with ROS1+ NSCLC may:

  • Be young, never smokers1,2
  • Develop brain metastases2
  • Have received prior therapy2
woman with water bottle.

Significant medical needs remain for patients with ROS1+ NSCLC3,4 

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CNS activity3,5,6 

Suboptimal intracranial inhibition may limit activity against brain metastases, a key driver of disease progression. 

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ROS1 selectivity3,4

Inadequate target selectivity may lead to off-target or dose-limiting  toxicities, treatment intolerance, and increased patient burden.

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ROS1 mutant activity3,4 

ROS1 resistance mutations acquired during treatment with targeted therapies may lead to disease progression. 

These drivers of disease progression or intolerance may lead to early treatment discontinuation, highlighting the need for a durable treatment option.3,4,6

Understanding ROS1 fusions 

ROS1 gene fusions are aggressive drivers of NSCLC found in 1%–2% of people with the disease.7-10

In NSCLC, ROS1 gene fusions are fusions of the ROS1 gene with other partner genes and are formed within or between the chromosomes. These fusions activate cancer cell survival and growth signaling pathways.11

Patients previously treated with a ROS1 TKI have received prior ROS1 biomarker testing 

ROS1 fusions are most commonly detected using DNA-based (FISH, NGS) and RNA-based (PCR, NGS) tests. These tests can be more accurate when used together.11-13

  • DNA-based tests: FISH assays can miss some types of fusions (eg, intrachromosomal fusions with minimum probe separation) and are more prone to histological artifact, which limits their use. NGS can be done on tissue or plasma samples and has the ability to detect mutations in hundreds of genes in 1 test. However, DNA-based NGS can miss certain ROS1 fusions because it cannot fully detect intronic breakpoints. DNA-based PCR tests may only detect ROS1 fusions with the most common fusion partners11-13
  • RNA-based tests: RNA-based tests can detect the breakpoints that DNA-based tests cannot because they specifically sequence the coding regions rather than the introns, enabling more accurate identification of functional ROS1 fusions. However, despite higher accuracy, RNA-based testing is more challenging due to sample quality and amount requirements11,13
  • Protein-based tests: Tests like immunohistochemistry (IHC) can be used as a screening assay, but not for ROS1 fusion diagnosis due to low specificity. Moreover, there is a lack of concordance between overexpression and fusion identification. Therefore, ROS1 IHC positivity should always be confirmed via RNA- and DNA-based definitive diagnostic tests11

Testing recommendations

According to the College of American Pathologists (CAP), the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), and the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) Guidelines:  

  • ROS1 testing should be performed on all advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients, irrespective of clinical characteristics14
  • ROS1 testing should include both DNA- and RNA-based methods to improve sensitivity and the likelihood of identifying patients eligible for ROS1 TKIs15

Discover the durable efficacy

See the ORR and DOR for JIDEYTRO in All TKI-pretreated patients.

Discover the safety profile

Learn about the most common adverse reactions of JIDEYTRO.

AMP=Association for Molecular Pathology; CAP=College of American Pathologists; CNS=central nervous system; DNA=deoxyribonucleic acid; DOR=duration of response; FISH=fluorescence in situ hybridization; IASLC=International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer; NGS=next-generation sequencing; NSCLC=non-small cell lung cancer; ORR=overall response rate; PCR=polymerase chain reaction; RNA=ribonucleic acid; ROS1+=ROS proto-oncogene 1-positive; TKI=tyrosine kinase inhibitor.  

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS:

Warnings and Precautions reflect the pooled safety population (N=446) who received JIDEYTRO at a dose of 100 mg orally once daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity in ARROS-1.

Central Nervous System (CNS) Adverse Reactions (AR):

  • Dizziness, ataxia, cognitive and psychiatric disorders occurred in 25% of patients; of these, 2.5% were Grade 3 or 4. One patient (0.2%) with brain metastases experienced a Grade 3 seizure.
  • Dizziness, including vertigo, presyncope, and positional dizziness, occurred in 12% of patients; of these, 0.2% were Grade 3. Dosage interruption for dizziness was required in 0.4% and dose reduction in 0.7% of patients.
  • Ataxia, including gait disturbance and balance disorder, occurred in 2% of patients; all were Grade 1 or 2.
  • Cognitive impairment occurred in 9% of patients; of these, 1.6% were Grade 3 or 4. Cognitive impairment included memory impairment (3.1%), cognitive disorder (1.6%), hallucination (1.1%), delirium (1.1%), aphasia (0.9%), amnesia (0.7%), confusional state (0.7%), anterograde amnesia (0.2%), disturbance in attention (0.4%), and slow speech (0.2%). Dose interruption for cognitive impairment was required in 1.3% of patients.
  • Psychiatric disorders occurred in 6% of patients; of these, 0.7% were Grade 3 or 4. Psychiatric disorders included anxiety (3.1%), depression (1.3%), agitation (0.7%), affect lability (0.4%), irritability (0.4%), abnormal behavior (0.2%), depressed mood (0.2%), personality change (0.2%), psychotic disorder (0.2%), and suicidal ideation (0.2%). Dosage interruption for psychiatric disorders was required in 0.9% of patients.
  • Advise patients to avoid engaging in hazardous tasks requiring mental alertness and motor coordination, such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle if they are experiencing CNS reactions.
  • Monitor patients for CNS adverse reactions and suicidal thoughts and behaviors during treatment with JIDEYTRO. Withhold and then resume at the same or reduced dose upon improvement or permanently discontinue JIDEYTRO based on severity.

QTc Interval Prolongation:

  • JIDEYTRO can cause QTc interval prolongation, which can increase the risk for ventricular tachyarrhythmias (e.g., torsades de pointes) or sudden death. JIDEYTRO has not been studied in patients with a history of QTcF >450 msec on more than one assessment prior to initiation.
  • Of the 435 patients who underwent at least one post-baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) assessment, 2% experienced an increase in QTcF of >60 msec compared to baseline after receiving JIDEYTRO and 0.2% increase in QTcF to >500 msec. QTc prolongation led to dose interruption in 0.4% of patients.
  • Evaluate ECGs and electrolytes prior to administration of JIDEYTRO and monitor periodically during treatment. Adjust the frequency of monitoring based on risk factors such as known long QT syndromes, clinically significant bradyarrhythmias, severe or uncontrolled heart failure, and concomitant medications associated with QTc interval prolongation.
  • Withhold, then resume at the same or reduced dose, or permanently discontinue JIDEYTRO based on severity.

Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)/Pneumonitis:

  • JIDEYTRO can cause severe or life-threatening ILD or pneumonitis.
  • ILD/pneumonitis occurred in 1.8% of patients, including Grade 3 or 4 in 0.4%.
  • ILD/pneumonitis led to dose interruption in 0.7%, dose reduction in 0.2%, and permanent discontinuation in 0.4% of patients.
  • Monitor patients for new or worsening pulmonary symptoms indicative of ILD/pneumonitis. Immediately withhold JIDEYTRO in patients with suspected ILD/pneumonitis, then upon recovery resume at the same or reduced dose or permanently discontinue based on severity.

Skeletal Fractures:

  • JIDEYTRO can increase the risk of skeletal fractures.
  • Five patients (1.1%) experienced skeletal fractures. Grade 3 ankle fractures occurred in two patients (0.4%). Dose interruptions for fractures occurred in 0.4% of patients.
  • Promptly evaluate patients with signs or symptoms of fractures.

Myalgia with Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) Elevation: 

  • JIDEYTRO can cause myalgia with creatine phosphokinase (CPK) elevation.
  • Myalgia occurred in 13% of patients. Based on laboratory values, concurrent myalgia with increased CPK occurred in 2.1% of patients.
  • Advise patients to report unexplained muscle pain or tenderness. Monitor serum CPK levels prior to administration of JIDEYTRO and every 2 weeks during the first month of treatment and then every 1 to 2 months and as clinically indicated in patients reporting unexplained muscle pain or tenderness. Withhold, then resume JIDEYTRO at the same or reduced dose, or permanently discontinue JIDEYTRO based on severity.

Pancreatic Toxicity:

  • JIDEYTRO can cause pancreatic toxicity. In the pooled safety population, among the subgroup of patients who underwent pancreatic lab testing, increased amylase and lipase levels occurred in 22%, and 25% respectively, with Grade 3 increased lipase in 8% of patients. Grade 3 lipase elevation resulted in JIDEYTRO dose reduction in one patient. In the pooled safety population, Grade 3 pancreatitis occurred in one patient (0.2%).
  • Evaluate amylase and lipase prior to administration of JIDEYTRO and monitor periodically during treatment. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, temporarily withhold, reduce the dose, or permanently discontinue JIDEYTRO.

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: 

  • Based on literature reports in humans with congenital mutations leading to changes in tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) signaling, findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, JIDEYTRO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
  • Advise pregnant women and females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with JIDEYTRO and for 6 months after the last dose.
  • Advise male patients with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with JIDEYTRO and for 3 months after the last dose.

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

  • The most common adverse reactions (≥15%) were edema, peripheral neuropathy, constipation, fatigue, and dyspnea.
  • The most common Grade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities (≥2%) were increased lipase, increased CPK, increased triglycerides, decreased lymphocytes, and decreased hemoglobin.
  • Clinically relevant adverse reactions in <10% of patients receiving JIDEYTRO were cognitive disorders, psychiatric disorders, stomatitis, ataxia, ILD/pneumonitis, QTc prolongation, pancreatitis, and ankle fracture.

DRUG INTERACTIONS:

Strong and Moderate CYP3A Inhibitors:

  • Avoid concomitant use of JIDEYTRO with a strong or moderate CYP3A inhibitor as this could increase JIDEYTRO exposure, which may increase the risk of JIDEYTRO adverse reactions.

Strong and Moderate CYP3A Inducers:

  • Avoid concomitant use of JIDEYTRO with strong or moderate CYP3A inducers as this could decrease JIDEYTRO exposure, which may decrease the effectiveness of JIDEYTRO.

INDICATION

JIDEYTRO™ (zidesamtinib) is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received a prior ROS1 kinase inhibitor.

Please see Full Prescribing Information.

References:

  1. Parikh DA, Walia G, Freeman-Daily J, et al. Characteristics of patients with ROS1+ cancers: results from the first patient-designed, global, pan-cancer ROS1 data repository. JCO Oncol Pract. 2020;16(2):e183e189. doi:10.1200/JOP.19.00135
  2. JIDEYTRO. Prescribing Information. Nuvalent Inc.; 2026.
  3. Boulanger MC, Schneider JL, Lin JJ. Advances and future directions in ROS1 fusion-positive lung cancer. Oncologist. 2024;29(11):943956. doi:10.1093/oncolo/oyae205
  4. Drilon A, Horan JC, Tangpeerachaikul A, et al. NVL-520 is a selective, TRK-sparing, and brain-penetrant inhibitor of ROS1 fusions and secondary resistance mutations. Cancer Discov. 2023;13(3):598615. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-22-0968
  5. Patil T, Smith DE, Bunn PA, et al. The incidence of brain metastases in stage IV ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer and rate of central nervous system progression on crizotinib. J Thorac Oncol. 2018;13(11):17171726. doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2018.07.001
  6. Pan K, Concannon K, Li J, Zhang J, Heymach JV, Le X. Emerging therapeutics and evolving assessment criteria for intracranial metastases in patients with oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2023;20(10):716732. doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00808-4
  7. Takeuchi K, Soda M, Togashi Y, et al. RET, ROS1 and ALK fusions in lung cancer. Nat Med. 2012;18(3):378381. doi:10.1038/nm.2658
  8. Bergethon K, Shaw AT, Ou SHI, et al. ROS1 rearrangements define a unique molecular class of lung cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(8):863870. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.35.6345
  9. Davies KD, Le AT, Theodoro MF, et al. Identifying and targeting ROS1 gene fusions in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18(17):45704579. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0550
  10. Muminovic M, Carracedo Uribe CR, Alvarez-Pinzon A, Shan K, Raez LE. Importance of ROS1 gene fusions in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Drug Resist. 2023;6(2):332344. doi:10.20517/cdr.2022.105
  11. Drilon A, Jenkins C, Iyer S, Schoenfeld A, Keddy C, Davare MA. ROS1-dependent cancers biology, diagnostics and therapeutics. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2021;18(1):35-55. doi:10.1038/s41571-020-0408-9
  12. Li W, Liu Y, Li W, Chen L, Ying J. Intergenic breakpoints identified by DNA sequencing confound targetable kinase fusion detection in NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol. 2020;15(7):12231231. doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2020.02.023
  13. Zhou S, Zhang F, Xu M, et al. Novel insights into molecular patterns of ROS1 fusions in a large Chinese NSCLC cohort: a multicenter study. Mol Oncol. 2023;17(10):22002212. doi:10.1002/1878-0261.13509
  14. Lindeman NI, Cagle PT, Aisner DL, et al. Updated molecular testing guideline for the selection of lung cancer patients for treatment with targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors: guideline from the College of American Pathologists, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2018;142(3):321346. doi:10.5858/arpa.2017-0388-CP
  15. Yang X, Tang Z, Li J, Jiang J, Liu Y. Progress of non-small-cell lung cancer with ROS1 rearrangement. Front Mol Biosci. 2023;10:1238093. doi:10.3389/fmolb.2023.1238093